The term Biological diversity or Biodiversity refers to the entire variety and variability of
life forms in existence on earth. It encompasses the entire range of mammals, birds, reptiles,
amphibians, fishes, insects and other invertebrates including plants, fungi and other
microorganisms like Protists, bacteria and viruses. Biodiversity on earth is expressed at three
levels, genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity. Its direct and indirect
services are crucial for the sustenance of life on this planet.
Biodiversity ensures food, fuel, shelter, medicines and other resources which are vital for our
survival. Most of the crops pests are controlled by a variety of other organisms, including
insects, birds and fungi, which are certainly superior natural pesticides than their chemical
equivalents which are extensively used and are really harmful to human beings and the
environment. Many flowering plants rely on animal species such as insects, bats and birds for
pollination and seed dispersal. Biodiversity, more importantly, offers a wide range of resources
and services for mankind. Diverse species enables diversification of livelihood and enables food
production throughout the year.